Brazil Pre-Salt produces ~3.5M bpd — 75% of Brazil's output. World's 7th largest oil producer.
Venezuela World's largest proven reserves (513B bbl in Orinoco Belt), but severely underperforming due to sanctions & mismanagement.
Argentina Vaca Muerta shale boom: 400k bpd oil + 2.5 Bcf/d gas. Néstor Kirchner pipeline operational since 2023.
Guyana Fastest-growing oil producer globally — 640k bpd from Stabroek Block (ExxonMobil). 11.6B bbl recoverable.
Ecuador Block 43 ITT phase-down ordered by 2023 referendum — production winding down in Yasuní National Park.